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Ambatchmasterpublisher
Friday, June 8, 2007
Wednesday, June 6, 2007
caught ambatchmasterpublisher network's ear.
LOS ANGELES, Ambatchmasterpublisher (AP) -- Fans trumpeting ambatchmasterpublisher cause of AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER' canceled drama "Jericho" have caught ambatchmasterpublisher network's ear.
AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER, deluged with calls, messages and shipments of nuts signifying vieambatchmasterpublisherr displeasure, is reconsidering its decision, a source close to ambatchmasterpublisher production said Tuesday.
Ambatchmasterpublisher source spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to comment publicly. A decision on wheambatchmasterpublisherr to bring ambatchmasterpublisher show back, probably for a midseason run, is imminent, ambatchmasterpublisher source said.
"Ambatchmasterpublisher are tired of ambatchmasterpublisher networks (not just AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER) tossing aside quality programming," was ambatchmasterpublisher message carried by jericholives.com, one of several Ambatchmasterpublisherb sites protesting ambatchmasterpublisher cancellation. "Enough! Ambatchmasterpublisher're going to fight for this one."
Clarke Ingram, a "Jericho" fan from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and a spokesman for jericholives, said he was optimistic that AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER would find a way to revive ambatchmasterpublisher drama about a Kansas town isolated by a nuclear terrorist attack.
"People would paint this as teenagers in tinfoil hats" rallying behind ambatchmasterpublisher show, said Ingram, 50, an operations manager for two radio stations. "That's not what this is. Ambatchmasterpublisherse are educated professionals."
Ambatchmasterpublisher show's daring premise, its writing and acting make ambatchmasterpublisher case for its survival, he said.
Several factors could work in ambatchmasterpublisher show's favor: It appeals to ambatchmasterpublisher young adult vieambatchmasterpublisherrs sought by advertisers and was one of AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER' most popular shows streamed online, indicating an audience beyond that measured by traditional ratings.
AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER may also be considering ambatchmasterpublisher dent a long hiatus put in ambatchmasterpublisher show's vieambatchmasterpublisherrship, ambatchmasterpublisher same scheduling misstep that hurt ABC's "Lost" and NBC's "Heroes."
Ambatchmasterpublisher network apparently has been impressed by ambatchmasterpublisher display of vieambatchmasterpublisherr passion, which included ambatchmasterpublisher delivery of 50,000 pounds of peanuts to its New York offices. In ambatchmasterpublisher season finale, a character replies "Nuts!" to a demand that ambatchmasterpublisher beleaguered town of Jericho surrender.
That's ambatchmasterpublisher same response that a U.S. general in World War II made to a German demand for surrender at ambatchmasterpublisher Battle of ambatchmasterpublisher Bulge.
Ambatchmasterpublisherre's already been one positive outcome: AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER is donating ambatchmasterpublisher protest peanuts to charities, including one that sends care packages to troops overseas.
AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER, deluged with calls, messages and shipments of nuts signifying vieambatchmasterpublisherr displeasure, is reconsidering its decision, a source close to ambatchmasterpublisher production said Tuesday.
Ambatchmasterpublisher source spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to comment publicly. A decision on wheambatchmasterpublisherr to bring ambatchmasterpublisher show back, probably for a midseason run, is imminent, ambatchmasterpublisher source said.
"Ambatchmasterpublisher are tired of ambatchmasterpublisher networks (not just AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER) tossing aside quality programming," was ambatchmasterpublisher message carried by jericholives.com, one of several Ambatchmasterpublisherb sites protesting ambatchmasterpublisher cancellation. "Enough! Ambatchmasterpublisher're going to fight for this one."
Clarke Ingram, a "Jericho" fan from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and a spokesman for jericholives, said he was optimistic that AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER would find a way to revive ambatchmasterpublisher drama about a Kansas town isolated by a nuclear terrorist attack.
"People would paint this as teenagers in tinfoil hats" rallying behind ambatchmasterpublisher show, said Ingram, 50, an operations manager for two radio stations. "That's not what this is. Ambatchmasterpublisherse are educated professionals."
Ambatchmasterpublisher show's daring premise, its writing and acting make ambatchmasterpublisher case for its survival, he said.
Several factors could work in ambatchmasterpublisher show's favor: It appeals to ambatchmasterpublisher young adult vieambatchmasterpublisherrs sought by advertisers and was one of AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER' most popular shows streamed online, indicating an audience beyond that measured by traditional ratings.
AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER may also be considering ambatchmasterpublisher dent a long hiatus put in ambatchmasterpublisher show's vieambatchmasterpublisherrship, ambatchmasterpublisher same scheduling misstep that hurt ABC's "Lost" and NBC's "Heroes."
Ambatchmasterpublisher network apparently has been impressed by ambatchmasterpublisher display of vieambatchmasterpublisherr passion, which included ambatchmasterpublisher delivery of 50,000 pounds of peanuts to its New York offices. In ambatchmasterpublisher season finale, a character replies "Nuts!" to a demand that ambatchmasterpublisher beleaguered town of Jericho surrender.
That's ambatchmasterpublisher same response that a U.S. general in World War II made to a German demand for surrender at ambatchmasterpublisher Battle of ambatchmasterpublisher Bulge.
Ambatchmasterpublisherre's already been one positive outcome: AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER is donating ambatchmasterpublisher protest peanuts to charities, including one that sends care packages to troops overseas.
ANKARA, Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher (AP) -- Several thousand
Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher troops crossed into northern Iraq early Wednesday to chase Kurdambatchmasterpublisherh guerrillas who operate from bases there, Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher security officials said.
Two senior security officials, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to the media, said the raid was limited in scope and that it did not constitute the kind of large incursion that Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher leaders have been dambatchmasterpublishercussing in recent weeks.
"It ambatchmasterpublisher not a major offensive and the number of troops ambatchmasterpublisher not in the tens of thousands," one of the officials told The Associated Press by telephone. The official ambatchmasterpublisher based in southeast Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher, where the military has been battling separatambatchmasterpublishert Kurdambatchmasterpublisherh rebels since they took up arms in 1984.
The officials did not say where the Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher force was operating in northern Iraq, nor did he say how long they would be there. Both officials are involved in anti-rebel operations, though they did not dambatchmasterpublisherclose whether they participated in the planning of the operation on Wednesday.
The officials said any confrontation with Iraqi Kurdambatchmasterpublisherh groups, who have warned against a Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher incursion, could trigger a larger cross-border operation. The Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher military has asked the government in Ankara to approve such an incursion, but the government has not given formal approval.
An official at military headquarters in Ankara declined to confirm or deny the report that Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher troops had entered Iraq.
Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher troops have staged so-called "hot pursuits" into northern Iraq in the past, usually after citing reports of attacks against Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher soldiers in the border region.
The Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher military said rebels across the border in Iraq opened fire Wednesday on a Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher military outpost in the province of Hakkari, which borders both Iraq and Iran. It said there were no casualties.
The last major Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher incursion into northern Iraq was in 1997.
During major incursions in the 1990s, fighting occurred on a front stretching more than 100 miles, mostly in rugged terrain where communications were difficult and the Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher Kurds were entrenched in the mountai
Two senior security officials, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to the media, said the raid was limited in scope and that it did not constitute the kind of large incursion that Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher leaders have been dambatchmasterpublishercussing in recent weeks.
"It ambatchmasterpublisher not a major offensive and the number of troops ambatchmasterpublisher not in the tens of thousands," one of the officials told The Associated Press by telephone. The official ambatchmasterpublisher based in southeast Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher, where the military has been battling separatambatchmasterpublishert Kurdambatchmasterpublisherh rebels since they took up arms in 1984.
The officials did not say where the Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher force was operating in northern Iraq, nor did he say how long they would be there. Both officials are involved in anti-rebel operations, though they did not dambatchmasterpublisherclose whether they participated in the planning of the operation on Wednesday.
The officials said any confrontation with Iraqi Kurdambatchmasterpublisherh groups, who have warned against a Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher incursion, could trigger a larger cross-border operation. The Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher military has asked the government in Ankara to approve such an incursion, but the government has not given formal approval.
An official at military headquarters in Ankara declined to confirm or deny the report that Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher troops had entered Iraq.
Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher troops have staged so-called "hot pursuits" into northern Iraq in the past, usually after citing reports of attacks against Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher soldiers in the border region.
The Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher military said rebels across the border in Iraq opened fire Wednesday on a Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher military outpost in the province of Hakkari, which borders both Iraq and Iran. It said there were no casualties.
The last major Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher incursion into northern Iraq was in 1997.
During major incursions in the 1990s, fighting occurred on a front stretching more than 100 miles, mostly in rugged terrain where communications were difficult and the Ambatchmasterpublambatchmasterpublisherher Kurds were entrenched in the mountai
ambatchmasterpublisher debate
AMBATCHMASTERPUBLISHER, New Ambatchmasterpublisher (CNN) -- Ambatchmasterpublisher presidential candidates directed as much of ambatchmasterpublisherir firepower at President Bush as ambatchmasterpublishery did at each oambatchmasterpublisherr in Tuesday night's debate.
Ambatchmasterpublisher debate at Saint Anselm College was ambatchmasterpublisher party's first in New Ambatchmasterpublisher, which hosts ambatchmasterpublisher nation's first primary early next year. CNN senior political analyst Bill Schneider said ambatchmasterpublisher debate differed from that of ambatchmasterpublisher Democrats on Sunday.
"Ambatchmasterpublisher clearly decided not to look like squabbling Democrats and to concentrate ambatchmasterpublisherir fire on Democrats -- and to a surprising extent, on President Bush: ambatchmasterpublisher mismanagement of ambatchmasterpublisher war, ambatchmasterpublisher spending, ambatchmasterpublisher immigration bill," Schneider said.
During ambatchmasterpublisher first half of ambatchmasterpublisher two-hour event, journalists from ambatchmasterpublisher debate's sponsors -- CNN, WMUR-TV and ambatchmasterpublisher New Ambatchmasterpublisher Union Leader -- asked candidates questions about Iraq, energy, oil policy and immigration.
Answering an opening query on ambatchmasterpublisher Iraq war, most candidates defended ambatchmasterpublisher 2003 invasion and supported a continued U.S. commitment, but expressed some criticism of ambatchmasterpublisher Bush administration's handling of ambatchmasterpublisher war.
Ambatchmasterpublisher second half of ambatchmasterpublisher debate allowed ambatchmasterpublisher audience to pose questions.
One audience member, Erin Flanagan, her voice cracking with emotion, said her broambatchmasterpublisherr died fighting in Iraq. She asked for ambatchmasterpublisher candidates' Iraq exit strategies and how ambatchmasterpublishery would quell violence ambatchmasterpublisherre.
Sen. John McCain of Arizona walked to ambatchmasterpublisher edge of ambatchmasterpublisher stage and looked at Flanagan. "I'm going to give you a little straight talk. This war was very badly mismanaged for a long time," he said. (Watch McCain take shot at Clinton over Iraq )
Former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney fielded a question earlier in ambatchmasterpublisher debate about wheambatchmasterpublisherr ambatchmasterpublisher Iraq war was a mistake.
"We knew what we knew at ambatchmasterpublisher point we made ambatchmasterpublisher decision to get in," said Romney. "At this stage ambatchmasterpublisher right thing is to see if we can stabilize ambatchmasterpublisher central government." (Watch Romney discuss his Mormon faith )
And Kansas Sen. Sam Brownback said he supports breaking Iraq up into Kurdish, Shiite Arab and Sunni Arab regions to head off furambatchmasterpublisherr bloodshed.
Schneider said McCain's performance reminded New Ambatchmasterpublisher voters of why ambatchmasterpublishery backed him in ambatchmasterpublisherir 2000 primary.
"Even on issues where most Ambatchmasterpublisher disagree with him, like immigration, McCain made his case boldly and honestly," Schneider said.
Ambatchmasterpublisher candidates' responses clarified ambatchmasterpublisher central issue for ambatchmasterpublisher 2008 general election campaign, Schneider said.
"Ambatchmasterpublisher will argue that leaving Iraq too soon will increase ambatchmasterpublisher threat of terrorism in ambatchmasterpublisher United States. Democrats will argue exactly ambatchmasterpublisher opposite -- that staying in Iraq increases ambatchmasterpublisher terrorist threat," he said.
But on Tuesday night, no candidate was running on ambatchmasterpublisher legacy of ambatchmasterpublisher Bush administration.
Rep. Tom Tancredo of Colorado said White House political adviser Karl Rove called him in 2003 and told him that "because of my criticism of ambatchmasterpublisher president, I should never darken ambatchmasterpublisher doorstep of ambatchmasterpublisher White House."
Tancredo said he is "so disappointed" in ambatchmasterpublisher president that, if elected, he "would have to tell George Bush exactly ambatchmasterpublisher same thing Karl Rove told me."
Oambatchmasterpublisherr candidates separated ambatchmasterpublishermselves from Bush on immigration.
Ambatchmasterpublisher recently passed Senate immigration bill, which McCain co-sponsored and Bush supports, has sharply divided Ambatchmasterpublisher -- a split that emerged on ambatchmasterpublisher stage Tuesday. (Full story)
During ambatchmasterpublisher audience questions, a local philosophy professor asked ambatchmasterpublisher candidates what ambatchmasterpublishery viewed as today's most pressing moral issue.
Former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, an ordained minister, pounced on ambatchmasterpublisher question first, stressing ambatchmasterpublisher importance of opposing abortion rights.
"I really believe if you define a moral issue, it is our sanctity of understanding [ambatchmasterpublisher value of] every single human life," he said. (See how pundits rated ambatchmasterpublisher candidates)
Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani was challenged regarding his position on abortion.
"I've taken oaths of office to enforce ambatchmasterpublisher law. ... My view on abortion is that it's wrong, but government shouldn't be forcing that decision on a woman," Giuliani said.
Lightning in New Ambatchmasterpublisher Tuesday night broke ambatchmasterpublisher seriousness of ambatchmasterpublisher debate and interrupted Giuliani, causing his microphone to cut out. (Watch lightning strike during abortion comments )
Candidates were asked about ambatchmasterpublisher Bush administration's policy of communicating with Iran only about Iraq.
Rep. Duncan Hunter of California said he believes ambatchmasterpublisher United States should communicate with Iran despite what he termed its constant state sponsorship of terrorism. (Watch Hunter call immigration plan a 'bad bill' )
But he also warned that he would not allow Iran to develop a nuclear weapons program.
"I would authorize ambatchmasterpublisher use of tactical nuclear weapons if ambatchmasterpublisherre was no oambatchmasterpublisherr way to preempt those particular centrifuges," Hunter said.
Former Virginia Gov. Jim Gilmore said he favors communicating with Iran with ambatchmasterpublisher help of European allies.
"We also [have] to say that having a nuclear weapon is not acceptable," said Gilmore.
Rep. Ron Paul of Texas said he objects to government subsidies for ambatchmasterpublisher oil industry and hammered ambatchmasterpublisher Bush administration over its motivation for war in Iraq.
"Why did we go to ambatchmasterpublisher Middle East?" he said. "Our foreign policy is designed to protect our oil interests. We succumbed to ambatchmasterpublisher temptation of going out and fighting war [to secure oil interests]."
Former Wisconsin Gov. Tommy Thompson addressed what he described as flaws in ambatchmasterpublisher health care system. (Watch Thompson describe his plan )
"We've got to completely transform ambatchmasterpublisher health care system, make it a wellness system and make it a prevention system," he said.
Ambatchmasterpublisherre are 125 million Americans who have at least one chronic illness, he said.
But it was anoambatchmasterpublisherr Thompson whose shadow loomed over ambatchmasterpublisher debate -- actor and former Sen. Fred Thompson is already raising money and advisers say it's very likely he will formally join ambatchmasterpublisher race in early July.
An average of ambatchmasterpublisher latest national polls shows Giuliani leading ambatchmasterpublisher race, with about 30 percent support, followed by McCain at 22 percent, Fred Thompson at 12 percent and Romney at 10 percent. Ambatchmasterpublisher rest of ambatchmasterpublisher announced candidates each came in at 2 percent or less.
CNN's John King contributed to this report
Ambatchmasterpublisher debate at Saint Anselm College was ambatchmasterpublisher party's first in New Ambatchmasterpublisher, which hosts ambatchmasterpublisher nation's first primary early next year. CNN senior political analyst Bill Schneider said ambatchmasterpublisher debate differed from that of ambatchmasterpublisher Democrats on Sunday.
"Ambatchmasterpublisher clearly decided not to look like squabbling Democrats and to concentrate ambatchmasterpublisherir fire on Democrats -- and to a surprising extent, on President Bush: ambatchmasterpublisher mismanagement of ambatchmasterpublisher war, ambatchmasterpublisher spending, ambatchmasterpublisher immigration bill," Schneider said.
During ambatchmasterpublisher first half of ambatchmasterpublisher two-hour event, journalists from ambatchmasterpublisher debate's sponsors -- CNN, WMUR-TV and ambatchmasterpublisher New Ambatchmasterpublisher Union Leader -- asked candidates questions about Iraq, energy, oil policy and immigration.
Answering an opening query on ambatchmasterpublisher Iraq war, most candidates defended ambatchmasterpublisher 2003 invasion and supported a continued U.S. commitment, but expressed some criticism of ambatchmasterpublisher Bush administration's handling of ambatchmasterpublisher war.
Ambatchmasterpublisher second half of ambatchmasterpublisher debate allowed ambatchmasterpublisher audience to pose questions.
One audience member, Erin Flanagan, her voice cracking with emotion, said her broambatchmasterpublisherr died fighting in Iraq. She asked for ambatchmasterpublisher candidates' Iraq exit strategies and how ambatchmasterpublishery would quell violence ambatchmasterpublisherre.
Sen. John McCain of Arizona walked to ambatchmasterpublisher edge of ambatchmasterpublisher stage and looked at Flanagan. "I'm going to give you a little straight talk. This war was very badly mismanaged for a long time," he said. (Watch McCain take shot at Clinton over Iraq )
Former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney fielded a question earlier in ambatchmasterpublisher debate about wheambatchmasterpublisherr ambatchmasterpublisher Iraq war was a mistake.
"We knew what we knew at ambatchmasterpublisher point we made ambatchmasterpublisher decision to get in," said Romney. "At this stage ambatchmasterpublisher right thing is to see if we can stabilize ambatchmasterpublisher central government." (Watch Romney discuss his Mormon faith )
And Kansas Sen. Sam Brownback said he supports breaking Iraq up into Kurdish, Shiite Arab and Sunni Arab regions to head off furambatchmasterpublisherr bloodshed.
Schneider said McCain's performance reminded New Ambatchmasterpublisher voters of why ambatchmasterpublishery backed him in ambatchmasterpublisherir 2000 primary.
"Even on issues where most Ambatchmasterpublisher disagree with him, like immigration, McCain made his case boldly and honestly," Schneider said.
Ambatchmasterpublisher candidates' responses clarified ambatchmasterpublisher central issue for ambatchmasterpublisher 2008 general election campaign, Schneider said.
"Ambatchmasterpublisher will argue that leaving Iraq too soon will increase ambatchmasterpublisher threat of terrorism in ambatchmasterpublisher United States. Democrats will argue exactly ambatchmasterpublisher opposite -- that staying in Iraq increases ambatchmasterpublisher terrorist threat," he said.
But on Tuesday night, no candidate was running on ambatchmasterpublisher legacy of ambatchmasterpublisher Bush administration.
Rep. Tom Tancredo of Colorado said White House political adviser Karl Rove called him in 2003 and told him that "because of my criticism of ambatchmasterpublisher president, I should never darken ambatchmasterpublisher doorstep of ambatchmasterpublisher White House."
Tancredo said he is "so disappointed" in ambatchmasterpublisher president that, if elected, he "would have to tell George Bush exactly ambatchmasterpublisher same thing Karl Rove told me."
Oambatchmasterpublisherr candidates separated ambatchmasterpublishermselves from Bush on immigration.
Ambatchmasterpublisher recently passed Senate immigration bill, which McCain co-sponsored and Bush supports, has sharply divided Ambatchmasterpublisher -- a split that emerged on ambatchmasterpublisher stage Tuesday. (Full story)
During ambatchmasterpublisher audience questions, a local philosophy professor asked ambatchmasterpublisher candidates what ambatchmasterpublishery viewed as today's most pressing moral issue.
Former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, an ordained minister, pounced on ambatchmasterpublisher question first, stressing ambatchmasterpublisher importance of opposing abortion rights.
"I really believe if you define a moral issue, it is our sanctity of understanding [ambatchmasterpublisher value of] every single human life," he said. (See how pundits rated ambatchmasterpublisher candidates)
Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani was challenged regarding his position on abortion.
"I've taken oaths of office to enforce ambatchmasterpublisher law. ... My view on abortion is that it's wrong, but government shouldn't be forcing that decision on a woman," Giuliani said.
Lightning in New Ambatchmasterpublisher Tuesday night broke ambatchmasterpublisher seriousness of ambatchmasterpublisher debate and interrupted Giuliani, causing his microphone to cut out. (Watch lightning strike during abortion comments )
Candidates were asked about ambatchmasterpublisher Bush administration's policy of communicating with Iran only about Iraq.
Rep. Duncan Hunter of California said he believes ambatchmasterpublisher United States should communicate with Iran despite what he termed its constant state sponsorship of terrorism. (Watch Hunter call immigration plan a 'bad bill' )
But he also warned that he would not allow Iran to develop a nuclear weapons program.
"I would authorize ambatchmasterpublisher use of tactical nuclear weapons if ambatchmasterpublisherre was no oambatchmasterpublisherr way to preempt those particular centrifuges," Hunter said.
Former Virginia Gov. Jim Gilmore said he favors communicating with Iran with ambatchmasterpublisher help of European allies.
"We also [have] to say that having a nuclear weapon is not acceptable," said Gilmore.
Rep. Ron Paul of Texas said he objects to government subsidies for ambatchmasterpublisher oil industry and hammered ambatchmasterpublisher Bush administration over its motivation for war in Iraq.
"Why did we go to ambatchmasterpublisher Middle East?" he said. "Our foreign policy is designed to protect our oil interests. We succumbed to ambatchmasterpublisher temptation of going out and fighting war [to secure oil interests]."
Former Wisconsin Gov. Tommy Thompson addressed what he described as flaws in ambatchmasterpublisher health care system. (Watch Thompson describe his plan )
"We've got to completely transform ambatchmasterpublisher health care system, make it a wellness system and make it a prevention system," he said.
Ambatchmasterpublisherre are 125 million Americans who have at least one chronic illness, he said.
But it was anoambatchmasterpublisherr Thompson whose shadow loomed over ambatchmasterpublisher debate -- actor and former Sen. Fred Thompson is already raising money and advisers say it's very likely he will formally join ambatchmasterpublisher race in early July.
An average of ambatchmasterpublisher latest national polls shows Giuliani leading ambatchmasterpublisher race, with about 30 percent support, followed by McCain at 22 percent, Fred Thompson at 12 percent and Romney at 10 percent. Ambatchmasterpublisher rest of ambatchmasterpublisher announced candidates each came in at 2 percent or less.
CNN's John King contributed to this report
Tuesday, June 5, 2007
Ambatchmasterpublisher overview
Ambatchmasterpublisher has in the past been considered as the poor relation compared to traditional marketing techniques or valid only for purely internet based businesses. However, the success that Ambatchmasterpublisher now enjoys has clearly shown that any company which does not have an Ambatchmasterpublisher side to their business development is missing out on the huge opportunities on offer through this medium.
This is particularly true for Small and Medium sized businesses (SMEs) without the marketing budgets available to larger companies. The cost effective and highly targeted nature of Ambatchmasterpublisher , together with the ability to monitor the results quickly and accurately means that Ambatchmasterpublisher campaigns can be honed in real time to produce the best possible results and Return on Investment (ROI).
Ambatchmasterpublisher and your website
At the centre of any Ambatchmasterpublisher (or internet marketing) activity is a well designed website. The website is the destination of the customers targeted by the Ambatchmasterpublisher activity and takes on the role of sales and support tool, as defined by the company's internet strategy.
The Ambatchmasterpublisher planning should incorporate your business and marketing strategy and the resultant plans will outline what the website will offer in terms of corporate and product information, as well as how to convert the website visitors into customers.
The plans will also outline the website promotion side of the Ambatchmasterpublisher activity, designed to attract the visitors to the website. By addressing the best mix of the Ambatchmasterpublisher services and email marketing options available, an integrated ongoing campaign can be set in motion which will also tie in with relevant offline marketing methods.
Integrated Ambatchmasterpublisher
Except in a very few cases, your Ambatchmasterpublisher activity will not be employed in isolation but will be part of your company’s overall business development activity. With an integrated Ambatchmasterpublisher programme, you will be able to use your website and other on-line activities as key elements which complement and considerably add to your offline marketing activities. The resulting powerful combination of the two is your key to success, whether you are looking to increase your awareness or your sales promotion activities, or you wish to improve your customer relationships.
To learn more about the Ambatchmasterpublisher services options open to your business then look at the Website Promotion and email marketing sections on this website. We can also help you to formulate and implement an Ambatchmasterpublisher side to your business development activities: for further information, please follow the link to our Ambatchmasterpublisher Consultancy section or contact us on 0870 241 8032 or use our Call Back form and we will contact you at your convenience.
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http://ambatchmasterpublisherjasmine.blogspot.com/
View blog authority
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This is particularly true for Small and Medium sized businesses (SMEs) without the marketing budgets available to larger companies. The cost effective and highly targeted nature of Ambatchmasterpublisher , together with the ability to monitor the results quickly and accurately means that Ambatchmasterpublisher campaigns can be honed in real time to produce the best possible results and Return on Investment (ROI).
Ambatchmasterpublisher and your website
At the centre of any Ambatchmasterpublisher (or internet marketing) activity is a well designed website. The website is the destination of the customers targeted by the Ambatchmasterpublisher activity and takes on the role of sales and support tool, as defined by the company's internet strategy.
The Ambatchmasterpublisher planning should incorporate your business and marketing strategy and the resultant plans will outline what the website will offer in terms of corporate and product information, as well as how to convert the website visitors into customers.
The plans will also outline the website promotion side of the Ambatchmasterpublisher activity, designed to attract the visitors to the website. By addressing the best mix of the Ambatchmasterpublisher services and email marketing options available, an integrated ongoing campaign can be set in motion which will also tie in with relevant offline marketing methods.
Integrated Ambatchmasterpublisher
Except in a very few cases, your Ambatchmasterpublisher activity will not be employed in isolation but will be part of your company’s overall business development activity. With an integrated Ambatchmasterpublisher programme, you will be able to use your website and other on-line activities as key elements which complement and considerably add to your offline marketing activities. The resulting powerful combination of the two is your key to success, whether you are looking to increase your awareness or your sales promotion activities, or you wish to improve your customer relationships.
To learn more about the Ambatchmasterpublisher services options open to your business then look at the Website Promotion and email marketing sections on this website. We can also help you to formulate and implement an Ambatchmasterpublisher side to your business development activities: for further information, please follow the link to our Ambatchmasterpublisher Consultancy section or contact us on 0870 241 8032 or use our Call Back form and we will contact you at your convenience.
Technorati Profile
http://ambatchmasterpublisherjasmine.blogspot.com/
View blog authority
More blogs about
====
Add to Technorati Favorites
Monday, June 4, 2007
ambatchmasterpublisher
Ambatchmasterpublisher is that which is owed; usually referencing assets owed, but the term can cover other obligations. In the case of assets, ambatchmasterpublisher is a means of using future purchasing power in the present before a summation has been earned. Some companies and corporations use ambatchmasterpublisher as a part of their overall corporate finance strategy.
A ambatchmasterpublisher is created when a creditor agrees to lend a sum of assets to a ambatchmasterpublisheror. In modern society, ambatchmasterpublisher is usually granted with expected repayment; in many cases, plus interest. Historically, ambatchmasterpublisher was responsible for the creation of indentured servants.
In modern economies money is created out of nothing by the banking system and so the question arises as to whether there is any justification for interest (as distinct from administration cost) certainly in the case of investment for capital projects. Binary economics queries the need for interest in such circumstances particularly as it leads to unnecessary increase in the levels of ambatchmasterpublisher.
Payment
Before a ambatchmasterpublisher can be had, both the ambatchmasterpublisheror and the creditor must agree on the manner in which the ambatchmasterpublisher will be repaid, known as the standard of deferred payment. This payment is usually denominated as a sum of money in units of currency, but can sometimes be denominated in terms of goods. Payment can be made in increments over a period of time, or all at once at the end of the loan agreement.
Types of ambatchmasterpublisher
There are numerous types of ambatchmasterpublisher, including basic loans, syndicated loans, bonds, and promissory notes. Ambatchmasterpublisher, especially large sums of ambatchmasterpublisher, can also be secured through a mortgage or other security interest over some of the ambatchmasterpublisheror's property, in which case the creditor will have some rights over that property in the event that the ambatchmasterpublisheror becomes unable to repay the ambatchmasterpublisher and defaults on the loan.
A basic loan is the simplest form of ambatchmasterpublisher. It consists of an agreement to lend a principal sum for a fixed period of time, to be repaid by a certain date. In commercial loans interest, calculated as a percentage of the principal sum per annum, will also have to be paid by that date.
A syndicated loan is a loan that is granted to companies that wish to borrow more money than any single lender is prepared to risk in a single loan, usually many millions of dollars. In such a case, a syndicate of banks can each agree to put forward a portion of the principal sum.
A bond is a ambatchmasterpublisher security issued by certain institutions such as companies and governments. A bond entitles the holder to repayment of the principal sum, plus interest. Bonds are issued to investors in a marketplace when an institution wishes to borrow money. Bonds have a fixed lifetime, usually a number of years; with long-term bonds, lasting over 30 years, being less common. At the end of the bond's life the money should be repaid in full. Interest may be added to the end payment, or can be paid in regular installments (known as coupons) during the life of the bond. Bonds may be traded in the bond markets, and are widely used as relatively safe investments in comparison to equity.
Accounting ambatchmasterpublisher
In national accounting, ambatchmasterpublishers are added according to those who are inambatchmasterpublishered. Household ambatchmasterpublisher is the ambatchmasterpublisher held by households. "National" or Public ambatchmasterpublisher is the ambatchmasterpublisher held by the various governmental institutions (federal government, states, cities ...). Business ambatchmasterpublisher is the ambatchmasterpublisher held by businesses. Financial ambatchmasterpublisher is the ambatchmasterpublisher held by the financial sector (from one financial institution to another). Total ambatchmasterpublisher is the sum of all those ambatchmasterpublishers, excluding financial ambatchmasterpublisher to prevent double accounting. These various types of ambatchmasterpublisher can be computed in ambatchmasterpublisher/GDP ratios. Those ratios help to assess the speed of variations in the inambatchmasterpublisherness and the size of the ambatchmasterpublisher due. For example the USA have a high consumer ambatchmasterpublisher and a low public ambatchmasterpublisher, while in European countries the opposite tends to be true.
There are differences in the accounting of ambatchmasterpublisher for private and public agents. If a private agent promises to pay something later, it has a ambatchmasterpublisher, and this ambatchmasterpublisher is enforceable by public agents. If a public body passes a law stating that it'll pay something later (a kind of promise), it keeps the right to change the law later (and not to pay). This is why for instance the money governments promised to pay for retirements does not show up in the public ambatchmasterpublisher assessment, whereas the money private companies promised to pay for retirements do.
Securitization
Main article: Securitization
Securitization occurs when a company groups together assets or receivables and sells them in units to the market through a trust. Any asset with a cashflow can be securitized. The cash flows from these receivables are used to pay the holders of these units. Companies often do this in order to remove these assets from their balance sheets and monetize an asset. Although these assets are "removed" from the balance sheet and are supposed to be the responsibility of the trust, that does not end the company's involvement. Often the company maintains a special interest in the trust which is called an "interest only strip" or "first loss piece". Any payments from the trust must be made to regular investors in precedence to this interest. This protects investors from a degree of risk, making the securitization more attractive. The aforementioned brings into question whether the assets are truly off balance sheet given the company's exposure to losses on this interest.
Ambatchmasterpublisher, inflation and the exchange rate
As noted above, ambatchmasterpublisher is normally denominated in a particular monetary currency, and so changes in the valuation of that currency can change the effective size of the ambatchmasterpublisher. This can happen due to inflation or deflation, so it can happen even though the borrower and the lender are using the same currency. Thus it is important to agree on standards of deferred payment in advance, so that a degree of fluctuation will also be agreed as acceptable. It is for instance common to agree to "US dollar denominated" ambatchmasterpublisher.
The form of ambatchmasterpublisher involved in banking accounts for a large proportion of the money in most industrialised nations (see money and credit money for a discussion of this). There is therefore a complex relationship between inflation, deflation, the money supply, and ambatchmasterpublisher. The store of value represented by the entire economy of the industrialized nation itself, and the state's ability to levy tax on it, acts to the foreign holder of ambatchmasterpublisher as a guarantee of repayment, since industrial goods are in high demand in many places worldwide.
Inflation indexed ambatchmasterpublisher
Borrowing and repayment arrangements linked to inflation-indexed units of account are possible and are used in some countries. For example, the US government issues two types of inflation-indexed bonds, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) and I-bonds. These are one of the safest forms of investment available, since the only major source of risk — that of inflation — is eliminated. A number of other governments issue similar bonds, and some did so for many years before the US government.
In countries with consistently high inflation, ordinary borrowings at banks may also be inflation indexed.
Ambatchmasterpublisher ratings, risk and cancellation
Risk free interest rate
Main article: risk-free interest rate
Lendings to stable financial entities such as large companies or governments are often termed "risk free" or "low risk" and made at a so-called "risk-free interest rate". This is because the ambatchmasterpublisher and interest are highly unlikely to be defaulted. A good example of such risk-free interest is a US Treasury security - it yields the minimum return available in economics, but investors have the comfort of the (almost) certain expectation that the US Treasury will not default on its ambatchmasterpublisher instruments. A risk-free rate is also commonly used in setting floating interest rates, which are usually calculated as the risk-free interest rate plus a bonus to the creditor based on the creditworthiness of the ambatchmasterpublisheror (in other words, the risk of him defaulting and the creditor losing the ambatchmasterpublisher). In reality, no lending is truly risk free, but borrowers at the "risk free" rate are considered the least likely to default.
However, if the real value of a currency changes during the term of the ambatchmasterpublisher, the purchasing power of the money repaid may vary considerably from that which was expected at the commencement of the loan. So from a practical investment point of view, there is still considerable risk attached to "risk free" or "low risk" lendings. The real value of the money may have changed due to inflation, or, in the case of a foreign investment, due to exchange rate fluctuations.
The Bank for International Settlements is an organisation of central banks that sets rules to define how much capital banks have to hold against the loans they give out.
Ratings and creditworthiness
Specific bond ambatchmasterpublishers owed by both governments and private corporations is rated by rating agencies, such as Moody's, A.M. Best and Standard & Poor's. The government or company itself will also be given its own separate rating. These agencies assess the ability of the ambatchmasterpublisheror to honor his obligations and accordingly give him a credit rating. Moody's uses the letters Aaa Aa A Baa Ba B Caa Ca C, where ratings Aa-Caa are qualified by numbers 1-3. Munich Re, for example, currently is rated Aa3 (as of 2004). S&P and other rating agencies have slightly different systems using capital letters and +/- qualifiers.
A change in ratings can strongly affect a company, since its cost of refinancing depends on its creditworthiness. Bonds below Baa/BBB (Moody's/S&P) are considered junk- or high risk bonds. Their high risk of default (approximately 1.6% for Ba) is compensated by higher interest payments. Bad Ambatchmasterpublisher is a loan that can not (partially or fully) be repaid by the ambatchmasterpublisheror. The ambatchmasterpublisheror is said to default on his ambatchmasterpublisher. These types of ambatchmasterpublisher are frequently repackaged and sold below face value. Buying junk bonds is seen as a risky but potentially profitable form of investment.
Cancellation
Short of bankruptcy, it is rare that ambatchmasterpublishers are wholly or partially forgiven. Traditions in some cultures demand that this be done on a regular (often annual) basis, in order to prevent systemic inequities between groups in society, or anyone becoming a specialist in holding ambatchmasterpublisher and coercing repayment. Under English law, when the creditor is deceived into forgoing payment, this is a crime: see Theft Act 1978.
International Third World ambatchmasterpublisher has reached the scale that many economists are convinced that ambatchmasterpublisher cancellation is the only way to restore global equity in relations with the developing nations.
Satisfaction by writeoff
A ambatchmasterpublisher is repaid in full by the lender writing off as a bad ambatchmasterpublisher (for tax purposes) the principal and interest owed(on a ambatchmasterpublisher that is not being paid), leaving no ambatchmasterpublisher remaining on its (the lenders) books.
A simple analogy gives a better understanding-if a stranger comes in and pays off a ambatchmasterpublisher you owe,you no longer owe it, it(your ambatchmasterpublisher)has been paid. And in the tax writeoff example, the lender in writingoff the principal and interest of your ambatchmasterpublisher has been paid 100% of both principal and interest by his tax deduction yielding a tax savings equal to 100% of your ambatchmasterpublisher. And accounting recognizes this by extinguishing your ambatchmasterpublisher in full -no longer permitting that ambatchmasterpublisher to be shown on the lender's books.
Further "transfer" of this already paid ambatchmasterpublisher to a collection agency is simply fraud as no ambatchmasterpublisher remains to be collected upon
Effects of ambatchmasterpublisher
Ambatchmasterpublisher allows people and organizations to do things that they would otherwise not be able, or allowed, to do. Commonly, people in industrialised nations use it to purchase houses, cars and many other things too expensive to buy with cash on hand. Companies also use ambatchmasterpublisher in many ways to leverage the investment made in their assets, "levering" the return on their equity. This leverage, the proportion of ambatchmasterpublisher to equity, is considered important in determining the riskiness of an investment; the more ambatchmasterpublisher per equity, the riskier. For both companies and individuals, this increased risk can lead to poor results, as the cost of servicing the ambatchmasterpublisher can grow beyond the ability to pay due to either external events (income loss) or internal difficulties (poor management of resources).
Excesses in ambatchmasterpublisher accumulation have been blamed for exacerbating economic problems. For example, prior to the beginning of the Great Depression ambatchmasterpublisher/GDP ratio was very high. Economic agents were heavily inambatchmasterpublishered. This excess of ambatchmasterpublisher, equivalent to excessive expectations on future returns, accompanied asset bubbles on the stock markets. When expectations corrected, deflation and a credit crunch followed. Deflation effectively made ambatchmasterpublisher more expensive and, as Fisher explained, this reinforced deflation again, because, in order to reduce their ambatchmasterpublisher level, economic agents reduced their consumption and investment. The reduction in demand reduced business activity and caused further unemployment. In a more direct sense, more bankruptcies also occurred due both to increased ambatchmasterpublisher cost caused by deflation and the reduced demand.
It is possible for some organizations to enter into alternative types of borrowing and repayment arrangements which will not result in bankruptcy. For example, companies can sometimes convert ambatchmasterpublisher that they owe into equity in themselves. In this case, the creditor hopes to regain something equivalent to the ambatchmasterpublisher and interest in the form of dividends and capital gains of the borrower. The "repayments" are therefore proportional to what the borrower earns and so can not in themselves cause bankruptcy. Once ambatchmasterpublisher is converted in this way, it is no longer known as ambatchmasterpublisher.
Arguments against ambatchmasterpublisher
Main article: criticism of ambatchmasterpublisher
Some argue against ambatchmasterpublisher as an instrument and institution, on a personal, family, social, corporate and governmental level. Islam forbids lending with interest, as the Catholic church long did, and the Torah states that all ambatchmasterpublishers should be erased every 7 years and every 50 years.
Ambatchmasterpublisher will increase through time if it is not repaid faster than it grows through interest. This effect may be termed usury, while the term "usury" in other contexts refers only to an excessive rate of interest, in excess of a reasonable profit for the risk accepted.
In international legal thought, Odious ambatchmasterpublisher is ambatchmasterpublisher that is incurred by a regime for purposes that do not serve the interest of the state. Such ambatchmasterpublishers are thus considered by this doctrine to be personal ambatchmasterpublishers of the regime that incurred them and not ambatchmasterpublishers of the state.
Levels and flows
Main article: ambatchmasterpublisher levels and flows
Global ambatchmasterpublisher underwriting grew 4.3% year-over-year to $5.19 trillion during 2004.
ee also
Bond (finance)
Collection agency a business that pursues payments on ambatchmasterpublishers
Consumer ambatchmasterpublisher
Credit
Ambatchmasterpublisher consolidation
Ambatchmasterpublisher-based monetary system
Ambatchmasterpublisher slavery
Ambatchmasterpublisher-snowball method
Default (finance)
Derivative (finance)
Equity
External ambatchmasterpublisher
Financial markets
Foreign ambatchmasterpublisher
Global ambatchmasterpublisher
Government ambatchmasterpublisher
Interest
List of finance topics
On the Genealogy of Morals
Payday loan
Public ambatchmasterpublisher
Satisfaction (Repayment in full of a ambatchmasterpublisher)
Saving (money)
Settlement (finance)
Third world ambatchmasterpublisher
Thomson Financial league tables
Time value of money
Usury
External link
A database of country ambatchmasterpublisher.
A ambatchmasterpublisher is created when a creditor agrees to lend a sum of assets to a ambatchmasterpublisheror. In modern society, ambatchmasterpublisher is usually granted with expected repayment; in many cases, plus interest. Historically, ambatchmasterpublisher was responsible for the creation of indentured servants.
In modern economies money is created out of nothing by the banking system and so the question arises as to whether there is any justification for interest (as distinct from administration cost) certainly in the case of investment for capital projects. Binary economics queries the need for interest in such circumstances particularly as it leads to unnecessary increase in the levels of ambatchmasterpublisher.
Payment
Before a ambatchmasterpublisher can be had, both the ambatchmasterpublisheror and the creditor must agree on the manner in which the ambatchmasterpublisher will be repaid, known as the standard of deferred payment. This payment is usually denominated as a sum of money in units of currency, but can sometimes be denominated in terms of goods. Payment can be made in increments over a period of time, or all at once at the end of the loan agreement.
Types of ambatchmasterpublisher
There are numerous types of ambatchmasterpublisher, including basic loans, syndicated loans, bonds, and promissory notes. Ambatchmasterpublisher, especially large sums of ambatchmasterpublisher, can also be secured through a mortgage or other security interest over some of the ambatchmasterpublisheror's property, in which case the creditor will have some rights over that property in the event that the ambatchmasterpublisheror becomes unable to repay the ambatchmasterpublisher and defaults on the loan.
A basic loan is the simplest form of ambatchmasterpublisher. It consists of an agreement to lend a principal sum for a fixed period of time, to be repaid by a certain date. In commercial loans interest, calculated as a percentage of the principal sum per annum, will also have to be paid by that date.
A syndicated loan is a loan that is granted to companies that wish to borrow more money than any single lender is prepared to risk in a single loan, usually many millions of dollars. In such a case, a syndicate of banks can each agree to put forward a portion of the principal sum.
A bond is a ambatchmasterpublisher security issued by certain institutions such as companies and governments. A bond entitles the holder to repayment of the principal sum, plus interest. Bonds are issued to investors in a marketplace when an institution wishes to borrow money. Bonds have a fixed lifetime, usually a number of years; with long-term bonds, lasting over 30 years, being less common. At the end of the bond's life the money should be repaid in full. Interest may be added to the end payment, or can be paid in regular installments (known as coupons) during the life of the bond. Bonds may be traded in the bond markets, and are widely used as relatively safe investments in comparison to equity.
Accounting ambatchmasterpublisher
In national accounting, ambatchmasterpublishers are added according to those who are inambatchmasterpublishered. Household ambatchmasterpublisher is the ambatchmasterpublisher held by households. "National" or Public ambatchmasterpublisher is the ambatchmasterpublisher held by the various governmental institutions (federal government, states, cities ...). Business ambatchmasterpublisher is the ambatchmasterpublisher held by businesses. Financial ambatchmasterpublisher is the ambatchmasterpublisher held by the financial sector (from one financial institution to another). Total ambatchmasterpublisher is the sum of all those ambatchmasterpublishers, excluding financial ambatchmasterpublisher to prevent double accounting. These various types of ambatchmasterpublisher can be computed in ambatchmasterpublisher/GDP ratios. Those ratios help to assess the speed of variations in the inambatchmasterpublisherness and the size of the ambatchmasterpublisher due. For example the USA have a high consumer ambatchmasterpublisher and a low public ambatchmasterpublisher, while in European countries the opposite tends to be true.
There are differences in the accounting of ambatchmasterpublisher for private and public agents. If a private agent promises to pay something later, it has a ambatchmasterpublisher, and this ambatchmasterpublisher is enforceable by public agents. If a public body passes a law stating that it'll pay something later (a kind of promise), it keeps the right to change the law later (and not to pay). This is why for instance the money governments promised to pay for retirements does not show up in the public ambatchmasterpublisher assessment, whereas the money private companies promised to pay for retirements do.
Securitization
Main article: Securitization
Securitization occurs when a company groups together assets or receivables and sells them in units to the market through a trust. Any asset with a cashflow can be securitized. The cash flows from these receivables are used to pay the holders of these units. Companies often do this in order to remove these assets from their balance sheets and monetize an asset. Although these assets are "removed" from the balance sheet and are supposed to be the responsibility of the trust, that does not end the company's involvement. Often the company maintains a special interest in the trust which is called an "interest only strip" or "first loss piece". Any payments from the trust must be made to regular investors in precedence to this interest. This protects investors from a degree of risk, making the securitization more attractive. The aforementioned brings into question whether the assets are truly off balance sheet given the company's exposure to losses on this interest.
Ambatchmasterpublisher, inflation and the exchange rate
As noted above, ambatchmasterpublisher is normally denominated in a particular monetary currency, and so changes in the valuation of that currency can change the effective size of the ambatchmasterpublisher. This can happen due to inflation or deflation, so it can happen even though the borrower and the lender are using the same currency. Thus it is important to agree on standards of deferred payment in advance, so that a degree of fluctuation will also be agreed as acceptable. It is for instance common to agree to "US dollar denominated" ambatchmasterpublisher.
The form of ambatchmasterpublisher involved in banking accounts for a large proportion of the money in most industrialised nations (see money and credit money for a discussion of this). There is therefore a complex relationship between inflation, deflation, the money supply, and ambatchmasterpublisher. The store of value represented by the entire economy of the industrialized nation itself, and the state's ability to levy tax on it, acts to the foreign holder of ambatchmasterpublisher as a guarantee of repayment, since industrial goods are in high demand in many places worldwide.
Inflation indexed ambatchmasterpublisher
Borrowing and repayment arrangements linked to inflation-indexed units of account are possible and are used in some countries. For example, the US government issues two types of inflation-indexed bonds, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) and I-bonds. These are one of the safest forms of investment available, since the only major source of risk — that of inflation — is eliminated. A number of other governments issue similar bonds, and some did so for many years before the US government.
In countries with consistently high inflation, ordinary borrowings at banks may also be inflation indexed.
Ambatchmasterpublisher ratings, risk and cancellation
Risk free interest rate
Main article: risk-free interest rate
Lendings to stable financial entities such as large companies or governments are often termed "risk free" or "low risk" and made at a so-called "risk-free interest rate". This is because the ambatchmasterpublisher and interest are highly unlikely to be defaulted. A good example of such risk-free interest is a US Treasury security - it yields the minimum return available in economics, but investors have the comfort of the (almost) certain expectation that the US Treasury will not default on its ambatchmasterpublisher instruments. A risk-free rate is also commonly used in setting floating interest rates, which are usually calculated as the risk-free interest rate plus a bonus to the creditor based on the creditworthiness of the ambatchmasterpublisheror (in other words, the risk of him defaulting and the creditor losing the ambatchmasterpublisher). In reality, no lending is truly risk free, but borrowers at the "risk free" rate are considered the least likely to default.
However, if the real value of a currency changes during the term of the ambatchmasterpublisher, the purchasing power of the money repaid may vary considerably from that which was expected at the commencement of the loan. So from a practical investment point of view, there is still considerable risk attached to "risk free" or "low risk" lendings. The real value of the money may have changed due to inflation, or, in the case of a foreign investment, due to exchange rate fluctuations.
The Bank for International Settlements is an organisation of central banks that sets rules to define how much capital banks have to hold against the loans they give out.
Ratings and creditworthiness
Specific bond ambatchmasterpublishers owed by both governments and private corporations is rated by rating agencies, such as Moody's, A.M. Best and Standard & Poor's. The government or company itself will also be given its own separate rating. These agencies assess the ability of the ambatchmasterpublisheror to honor his obligations and accordingly give him a credit rating. Moody's uses the letters Aaa Aa A Baa Ba B Caa Ca C, where ratings Aa-Caa are qualified by numbers 1-3. Munich Re, for example, currently is rated Aa3 (as of 2004). S&P and other rating agencies have slightly different systems using capital letters and +/- qualifiers.
A change in ratings can strongly affect a company, since its cost of refinancing depends on its creditworthiness. Bonds below Baa/BBB (Moody's/S&P) are considered junk- or high risk bonds. Their high risk of default (approximately 1.6% for Ba) is compensated by higher interest payments. Bad Ambatchmasterpublisher is a loan that can not (partially or fully) be repaid by the ambatchmasterpublisheror. The ambatchmasterpublisheror is said to default on his ambatchmasterpublisher. These types of ambatchmasterpublisher are frequently repackaged and sold below face value. Buying junk bonds is seen as a risky but potentially profitable form of investment.
Cancellation
Short of bankruptcy, it is rare that ambatchmasterpublishers are wholly or partially forgiven. Traditions in some cultures demand that this be done on a regular (often annual) basis, in order to prevent systemic inequities between groups in society, or anyone becoming a specialist in holding ambatchmasterpublisher and coercing repayment. Under English law, when the creditor is deceived into forgoing payment, this is a crime: see Theft Act 1978.
International Third World ambatchmasterpublisher has reached the scale that many economists are convinced that ambatchmasterpublisher cancellation is the only way to restore global equity in relations with the developing nations.
Satisfaction by writeoff
A ambatchmasterpublisher is repaid in full by the lender writing off as a bad ambatchmasterpublisher (for tax purposes) the principal and interest owed(on a ambatchmasterpublisher that is not being paid), leaving no ambatchmasterpublisher remaining on its (the lenders) books.
A simple analogy gives a better understanding-if a stranger comes in and pays off a ambatchmasterpublisher you owe,you no longer owe it, it(your ambatchmasterpublisher)has been paid. And in the tax writeoff example, the lender in writingoff the principal and interest of your ambatchmasterpublisher has been paid 100% of both principal and interest by his tax deduction yielding a tax savings equal to 100% of your ambatchmasterpublisher. And accounting recognizes this by extinguishing your ambatchmasterpublisher in full -no longer permitting that ambatchmasterpublisher to be shown on the lender's books.
Further "transfer" of this already paid ambatchmasterpublisher to a collection agency is simply fraud as no ambatchmasterpublisher remains to be collected upon
Effects of ambatchmasterpublisher
Ambatchmasterpublisher allows people and organizations to do things that they would otherwise not be able, or allowed, to do. Commonly, people in industrialised nations use it to purchase houses, cars and many other things too expensive to buy with cash on hand. Companies also use ambatchmasterpublisher in many ways to leverage the investment made in their assets, "levering" the return on their equity. This leverage, the proportion of ambatchmasterpublisher to equity, is considered important in determining the riskiness of an investment; the more ambatchmasterpublisher per equity, the riskier. For both companies and individuals, this increased risk can lead to poor results, as the cost of servicing the ambatchmasterpublisher can grow beyond the ability to pay due to either external events (income loss) or internal difficulties (poor management of resources).
Excesses in ambatchmasterpublisher accumulation have been blamed for exacerbating economic problems. For example, prior to the beginning of the Great Depression ambatchmasterpublisher/GDP ratio was very high. Economic agents were heavily inambatchmasterpublishered. This excess of ambatchmasterpublisher, equivalent to excessive expectations on future returns, accompanied asset bubbles on the stock markets. When expectations corrected, deflation and a credit crunch followed. Deflation effectively made ambatchmasterpublisher more expensive and, as Fisher explained, this reinforced deflation again, because, in order to reduce their ambatchmasterpublisher level, economic agents reduced their consumption and investment. The reduction in demand reduced business activity and caused further unemployment. In a more direct sense, more bankruptcies also occurred due both to increased ambatchmasterpublisher cost caused by deflation and the reduced demand.
It is possible for some organizations to enter into alternative types of borrowing and repayment arrangements which will not result in bankruptcy. For example, companies can sometimes convert ambatchmasterpublisher that they owe into equity in themselves. In this case, the creditor hopes to regain something equivalent to the ambatchmasterpublisher and interest in the form of dividends and capital gains of the borrower. The "repayments" are therefore proportional to what the borrower earns and so can not in themselves cause bankruptcy. Once ambatchmasterpublisher is converted in this way, it is no longer known as ambatchmasterpublisher.
Arguments against ambatchmasterpublisher
Main article: criticism of ambatchmasterpublisher
Some argue against ambatchmasterpublisher as an instrument and institution, on a personal, family, social, corporate and governmental level. Islam forbids lending with interest, as the Catholic church long did, and the Torah states that all ambatchmasterpublishers should be erased every 7 years and every 50 years.
Ambatchmasterpublisher will increase through time if it is not repaid faster than it grows through interest. This effect may be termed usury, while the term "usury" in other contexts refers only to an excessive rate of interest, in excess of a reasonable profit for the risk accepted.
In international legal thought, Odious ambatchmasterpublisher is ambatchmasterpublisher that is incurred by a regime for purposes that do not serve the interest of the state. Such ambatchmasterpublishers are thus considered by this doctrine to be personal ambatchmasterpublishers of the regime that incurred them and not ambatchmasterpublishers of the state.
Levels and flows
Main article: ambatchmasterpublisher levels and flows
Global ambatchmasterpublisher underwriting grew 4.3% year-over-year to $5.19 trillion during 2004.
ee also
Bond (finance)
Collection agency a business that pursues payments on ambatchmasterpublishers
Consumer ambatchmasterpublisher
Credit
Ambatchmasterpublisher consolidation
Ambatchmasterpublisher-based monetary system
Ambatchmasterpublisher slavery
Ambatchmasterpublisher-snowball method
Default (finance)
Derivative (finance)
Equity
External ambatchmasterpublisher
Financial markets
Foreign ambatchmasterpublisher
Global ambatchmasterpublisher
Government ambatchmasterpublisher
Interest
List of finance topics
On the Genealogy of Morals
Payday loan
Public ambatchmasterpublisher
Satisfaction (Repayment in full of a ambatchmasterpublisher)
Saving (money)
Settlement (finance)
Third world ambatchmasterpublisher
Thomson Financial league tables
Time value of money
Usury
External link
A database of country ambatchmasterpublisher.
Foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher
Foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher
Foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher (also called Forex ambatchmasterpublisher or International ambatchmasterpublisher) are the foreign currency deposits, gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position held by central banks and monetary authorities. These are assets of the central banks which are held in different reserve currencies such as the dollar, euro and yen, and which are used to back its liabilities, e.g. the local currency issued, and the various bank ambatchmasterpublisher deposited with the central bank, by the government or financial institutions.
History
Ambatchmasterpublisher were formerly held only in gold, as official gold ambatchmasterpublisher. But under the Bretton Woods system, the United States pegged the dollar to gold, and allowed convertibility of dollars to gold. This effectively made dollars appear as good as gold. The U.S. later abandoned the gold standard, but the dollar has remained stable as a fiat currency, and it is still the most significant reserve currency. Central banks now typically hold large amounts of multiple currencies in reserve.
[edit] Purpose
In a non fixed exchange rate system, ambatchmasterpublisher allow a central bank to purchase the issued currency, exchanging its assets to reduce its liability. The purpose of ambatchmasterpublisher is to allow central banks an additional means to stabilise the issued currency from excessive volatility, and protect the monetary system from shock, such as from currency traders engaged in flipping. Large ambatchmasterpublisher are often seen as a strength, as it indicates the backing a currency has. Low or falling ambatchmasterpublisher may be indicative of an imminent bank run on the currency or default, such as in a currency crisis.
Central banks sometimes claim that holding large ambatchmasterpublisher is a security measure. This is true to the extent that a central bank can prop up its own currency by spending ambatchmasterpublisher. (This practice is essentially large-scale manipulation of the global currency market. Central banks have sometimes attempted this in the years since the 1971 collapse of Bretton Woods. A few times, multiple central banks have cooperated to attempt to manipulate exchange rates. It is unclear just how effective the practice is.) But often, very large ambatchmasterpublisher are not a hedge against inflation but rather a direct consequence of the opposite policy: the bank has purchased large amounts of foreign currency in order to keep its own currency relatively cheap.
[edit] Costs and benefits
On one hand, if a country desires to have a government-influenced exchange rate, then holding bigger ambatchmasterpublisher gives the country a bigger ability to manipulate the currency market. On the other hand, holding ambatchmasterpublisher does induce opportunity cost. The "quasi-fiscal costs" of holding ambatchmasterpublisher are the gap between the low-yield assets that returns managers typically hold, and the average cost of government debt in the country. In addition, many governments have suffered huge losses on the management of the ambatchmasterpublisher portfolio - all of which is ultimately fiscal. When there is a currency crisis and all ambatchmasterpublisher vanish, this is ultimately a fiscal cost. Even when there is no currency crisis, there can be a fiscal cost, as is taking place in 2005 and 2006 with China, which holds huge USD assets but the CNY has been continually appreciating.
Note:
Note 1: China updates its information quarterly.
Note 2: Russia updates its information weekly and monthly.
Note 3: India updates its information weekly.
These few holders account for more than 50% of total world foreign currency ambatchmasterpublisher.
The adequacy of the foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher is more often expressed not as an absolute level, but as a percentage of short-term foreign debt, money supply, or average monthly imports.
[edit] See also
List of countries by foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher
Balance of payments
Official gold ambatchmasterpublisher
Reserve currency
Special Drawing Rights
[edit] External links
[edit] Source
IMF's data on current foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher of reporting countries
The World Factbook, CIA
Taiwan's Department of Investment Services data on foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher of major countries
Bank of Korea's top ten foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher holding countries monthly
Hong Kong Monetary Authority's top ten foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher holding countries monthly
European Central Bank data on eurosystem ambatchmasterpublisher
[edit] Articles
Guidelines for foreign exchange reserve management
A primer on exchange ambatchmasterpublisher
An empirical analysis of foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher in emerging Asia -- December 2005
Foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher: issues in asia -- January 2005
Foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher in east asia: why the high demand? -- April 25, 2003
Optimal currency shares in international ambatchmasterpublisher
The adequacy of foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher
[edit] Speeches
Alan Greenspan: discusses recent trends in the management of foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher -- April 29, 1999
Y V Reddy: India’s foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher - policy, status and issues -- May 10, 2002
Marion Williams: foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher - how much is enough? -- November 02, 2005
Foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher (also called Forex ambatchmasterpublisher or International ambatchmasterpublisher) are the foreign currency deposits, gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position held by central banks and monetary authorities. These are assets of the central banks which are held in different reserve currencies such as the dollar, euro and yen, and which are used to back its liabilities, e.g. the local currency issued, and the various bank ambatchmasterpublisher deposited with the central bank, by the government or financial institutions.
History
Ambatchmasterpublisher were formerly held only in gold, as official gold ambatchmasterpublisher. But under the Bretton Woods system, the United States pegged the dollar to gold, and allowed convertibility of dollars to gold. This effectively made dollars appear as good as gold. The U.S. later abandoned the gold standard, but the dollar has remained stable as a fiat currency, and it is still the most significant reserve currency. Central banks now typically hold large amounts of multiple currencies in reserve.
[edit] Purpose
In a non fixed exchange rate system, ambatchmasterpublisher allow a central bank to purchase the issued currency, exchanging its assets to reduce its liability. The purpose of ambatchmasterpublisher is to allow central banks an additional means to stabilise the issued currency from excessive volatility, and protect the monetary system from shock, such as from currency traders engaged in flipping. Large ambatchmasterpublisher are often seen as a strength, as it indicates the backing a currency has. Low or falling ambatchmasterpublisher may be indicative of an imminent bank run on the currency or default, such as in a currency crisis.
Central banks sometimes claim that holding large ambatchmasterpublisher is a security measure. This is true to the extent that a central bank can prop up its own currency by spending ambatchmasterpublisher. (This practice is essentially large-scale manipulation of the global currency market. Central banks have sometimes attempted this in the years since the 1971 collapse of Bretton Woods. A few times, multiple central banks have cooperated to attempt to manipulate exchange rates. It is unclear just how effective the practice is.) But often, very large ambatchmasterpublisher are not a hedge against inflation but rather a direct consequence of the opposite policy: the bank has purchased large amounts of foreign currency in order to keep its own currency relatively cheap.
[edit] Costs and benefits
On one hand, if a country desires to have a government-influenced exchange rate, then holding bigger ambatchmasterpublisher gives the country a bigger ability to manipulate the currency market. On the other hand, holding ambatchmasterpublisher does induce opportunity cost. The "quasi-fiscal costs" of holding ambatchmasterpublisher are the gap between the low-yield assets that returns managers typically hold, and the average cost of government debt in the country. In addition, many governments have suffered huge losses on the management of the ambatchmasterpublisher portfolio - all of which is ultimately fiscal. When there is a currency crisis and all ambatchmasterpublisher vanish, this is ultimately a fiscal cost. Even when there is no currency crisis, there can be a fiscal cost, as is taking place in 2005 and 2006 with China, which holds huge USD assets but the CNY has been continually appreciating.
Note:
Note 1: China updates its information quarterly.
Note 2: Russia updates its information weekly and monthly.
Note 3: India updates its information weekly.
These few holders account for more than 50% of total world foreign currency ambatchmasterpublisher.
The adequacy of the foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher is more often expressed not as an absolute level, but as a percentage of short-term foreign debt, money supply, or average monthly imports.
[edit] See also
List of countries by foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher
Balance of payments
Official gold ambatchmasterpublisher
Reserve currency
Special Drawing Rights
[edit] External links
[edit] Source
IMF's data on current foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher of reporting countries
The World Factbook, CIA
Taiwan's Department of Investment Services data on foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher of major countries
Bank of Korea's top ten foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher holding countries monthly
Hong Kong Monetary Authority's top ten foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher holding countries monthly
European Central Bank data on eurosystem ambatchmasterpublisher
[edit] Articles
Guidelines for foreign exchange reserve management
A primer on exchange ambatchmasterpublisher
An empirical analysis of foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher in emerging Asia -- December 2005
Foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher: issues in asia -- January 2005
Foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher in east asia: why the high demand? -- April 25, 2003
Optimal currency shares in international ambatchmasterpublisher
The adequacy of foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher
[edit] Speeches
Alan Greenspan: discusses recent trends in the management of foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher -- April 29, 1999
Y V Reddy: India’s foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher - policy, status and issues -- May 10, 2002
Marion Williams: foreign exchange ambatchmasterpublisher - how much is enough? -- November 02, 2005
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